Language discordance is associated with more frequent postoperative visits after spine surgery

Patients with language discordance (non-English speakers) require more frequent postoperative visits than English-speaking patients after spine surgery.

Other Notes #

Direction to verify in expert review: the source's abstract/conclusion state the higher postoperative-visit count was in the NES group (2.19 vs 1.73), but Table 3 places the higher mean in the ES group and the Results text separately reports no significant difference. The supporting EVD documents this internal inconsistency verbatim; the claim is stated per the paper's headline conclusion pending human adjudication.